Watch Night: A New Year's Eve Reflection on Slavery, Freedom, and Praise for Blessings

Abyssinian Church by D. Minter

Each New Year's Eve is a pause, a moment balanced on tiptoe, waiting for the world either to slide backward to the times that we have known, or lurch forwards into the times that we can only imagine or for which we can hope. It's a liminal, in-between moment where past, present, and future meet. 

 

As you might imagine, for a cultural historian such as myself, this is a magical moment where we celebrate as a society something that I hold dear every day: the power of the past to shape our present. Sometimes, or perhaps always, the past holds not just memories drenched with nostalgia, but experiences from which we want to purge ourselves. Whether its individual or collective, this purging requires that we acknowledge, name, and remember that from which we want to distinguish or define ourselves. Since this Heritage in Maine blog is about "the living connection with Maine's past," I won't rattle on about my individual desire to both define and purge myself relative to my own past, but instead provide an example of how some of us, collectively, pause and recognize the in-between moment, and name the past against which we want to distinguish and define ourselves. 

 

Today I learned that the Green Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church on Munjoy Hill in Portland - also known as AME Zion - holds a "Watch Night Service" on New Year's Eve. What's Watch Night? I quote here from the African American Lectionary (the first online, ecumenical preaching and worship lectionary for African American Christians):

 

"What’s considered Watch Night Service in the black church tradition might be otherwise understood as a church service on New Year’s Eve. But this African American tradition is perhaps one of the greatest cultural touchstones for what it means to be black and Christian in America. Passed down by our ancestors, Watch Night Service is one of the last vestiges retained from chattel slavery by African American Christians. Several accounts are given attesting to the fact that enslaved blacks could not sleep on December 31, 1862, because they were waiting in anticipation all night long, awaiting to receive word of the Emancipation Proclamation — words that would change their status, their lives, and the destiny of their children’s future from the shackles of chattel slavery."

 

Brad R. Braxton, Baptist Minister and Distinguished Visiting Scholar at McCormick Theological Seminary, explains in more detail the connection between the history of slavery and the contemporary tradition:

 

Burial site of some of Maine's Afr. Am. and white abolitionists

"On Sept. 22, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issued a preliminary proclamation, declaring that one hundred days later, Jan. 1, 1863, slaves would be free in those states rebelling against the Union in the Civil War. On December 31, 1862, also known as "Freedom's Eve," large groups of African Americans, along with white abolitionists, gathered in meeting halls and churches across the country to watch for news that the President had formally enacted the Emancipation Proclamation...More than 140 years later, African American Christians continue to gather in churches on New Year's Eve to thank God for the blessings of the Old Year and to seek God's favor for the New Year."

 

Maine has a long history of abolitionism - one that extends to Portland and my home of Peaks Island. Did African American and white abolitionists in Maine gather together on December 31, 1862 for a Watch Night? Whether they did or not - and a bit of research might reveal the answer - the AME Zion church community remembers that expectant night long ago when our country was a war-torn one. Thanks to this tradition and to local historic landmarks, such as the Portland Freedom Trail and the Abyssinian Church, we can ring in the New Year remembering the past and facing a new year with wishes for remaking our world into a better place.

 

*Thank you Rev. Desi Larson, Ph.D. for bringing Watch Night to my attention.

"Tribal Cannon Returns to Indian Township": Guest Post from Passamaquoddy Cultural Heritage Museum

Donald Soctomah from the Passamaquoddy Cultural Heritage Museum shares the following news:

Revolutionary War-era Tribal Cannon courtesy D. Soctomah

"After the 1776 American Revolutionary War, the U.S. Government gave the Passamaquoddy Tribe cannons from the war. Pleasant Point donated their cannon to the metal drive in World War II. Indian Township kept their cannon until 1960 when it disappeared. 

The cannon was located in 2011 in Maryland, and now its back home. Where has it been?

Apparently, in 1960 a fisherman from Maryland was boating along Long Lake next to Peter Dana Point and noticed a pipe sticking out of the water. He looked at it, and with the help of a couple of other people, loaded it in his boat. The "pipe" was actually the tribal cannon. So he took it home with him to Maryland. 

I've been interviewing people about the history of Peter Dana Point and many remember the cannon but didn't know where it disappeared to. This summer the Maine State Museum got the call from Maryland about returning the cannon to Maine and they called me. Laura Nicholas King was on her way to Maryland to visit her sons and I asked her to pick it up, so she brought it home.

So now it's here on the Township and I'm having a cradle built for it." -Donald Soctomah-

Map of Indian Reservations in Maine

For those who are not familiar with the Passamaquoddy peoples, here's a map of Indian reservations in Maine, courtesy of Maine Public Broadcasting Network's teacher resources. The Passamaquoddy Tribe explains that they are represented by the Joint Tribal Council which consists of the individual Tribal Councils of Indian Township, in Princeton, and at the the Pleasant Point Reservation (Sipayik) in Perry, Maine.  

Many people also don't realize that the British attacked (what are now) Maine communities during the late 18th c. and that many Wabanaki peoples joined with American revolutionaries. Captain Sopiel Soctoma, Passamaquoddy, and 50 men of his tribe captured an armed schooner off Passamaquoddy Bay and delivered it to Colonel John Allan in Machias. You can read more about these tensions and battles at the Abbe Museum or at the Maine Historical Society. Apparently, many historic cannons found their end in the World War II metal drive as this Nebraska story relates.

Information about the Passamaquoddy Cultural Heritage Museum   
Route 1 - Indian Township, Princeton, ME 04668
Hours: Mon. 1:00-3:00 pm; Fri. 1:00-3:00 pm
Email: soctomah "at" ainop.com